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Authors
Wojcicki, Janet M.
Mwaikono, Kilaza Samson
Nsereko, Etienne
Santos, Nicole
Ndegwa, Linus W.
Blose, Wendy
Claasen-Weltz, Shantelle
Patel, Fadheela
Africa, Samantha D.
Oyugi, Julius
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UCSF Preterm birth initiative
UCSF Preterm Birth Initiative
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2024
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: All participants signed informed consent documents for their and their children’s participation. The Institutional Review Board (IBR) at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) approved the study (KEMRI/RES/7/3/1) as did the IRB at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (University of Rwanda) and the Research Unit at the Rwanda Ministry of Health (Approval notice: No213/CMHS IRB/2017). All research that was conducted was in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: N/A.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
