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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 24 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine (Decision No: E-97429853-050.04-100909). This was a retrospective study conducted using anonymized patient data. At the time of hospital admission, all patients had signed a standard institutional consent form permitting the use of their de-identified medical information for scientific research. Therefore, no additional informed consent was required for this study. The requirement for separate informed consent was formally waived by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.