Geremew, Meseret
Kebede, Destaw
Fenta, Abebe
Demeke, Gebreselassie
Toru, Milkiyas
Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The College of Medicine and Health Sciences Ethical Review Board at Debre Markos University provided ethics approval (Ref. No.: HSC/RCS/131/11/12). The Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI) provided a supportive letter, and Debre Markos City Zonal Health Department provided a written permission letter to collect the data in health facilities. Written informed consent was obtained from participants and assent from parents/guardians of participants whose age was less than 18 years in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation in the study was completely voluntary-based. Coding was used to protect participants’ privacy. Significant urine culture results were reported to the physician for further management.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.