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Authors
Liu, Xiao
Liu, Zhen
Sun, Zhiwen
Yan, Guodong
Gao, He
Bai, Xuemei
Zhang, Bike
Wang, Duochun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32570220)
Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2025ZD01900100)
National Pathogen Resource Center (NPRC-32)
National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC (HX2025-001)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (protocol code ICDC-LSM-2025009) reviewed the study and waived the requirement for informed consent because it was a retrospective analysis involving only anonymized bacterial isolates and did not include any direct human participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
