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Article History

Received: 4 June 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Animal Ethics Committee of Guangxi Normal University (permit No.202103-032). The fecal samples were collected with the permission from the Administration Center of Guangxi Encheng National Nature Reserve, Administration Center of Guangxi Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Administration Center of Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve, and Administration Center of Guangxi Xidamingshan Nature Reserve. This study did not involve any invasive procedures on animal tissues. In addition, we collected the samples after the langurs had left their sleeping sites to prevent any stress responses triggered by the collection process.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.