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Authors
Qi, Haiyan
Xu, Chunxin
Sun, Xifeng
Sun, Xiaowei
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: The bacterial strain used in this study was isolated from a routine clinical sample of a patient, with no access to the patient’s private information, human tissue, or animal subjects. The requirement for ethical approval was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University in accordance with institutional regulations. This study adheres to the core ethical principles of the WMA Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was not applicable as no human participants were directly involved, which is in line with the confirmation of the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
