Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 November 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Human-derived materials: This study employed a bacterial strain that was retrospectively isolated from a de-identified clinical specimen. The Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Jilin University waived the requirements for ethical approval and informed consent, as the study did not pose any risk to patient privacy or welfare. Animal Experiments: All animal experiments received approval from the Animal Ethics Committee of the Basic Medical Sciences College of Jilin University (Approval No. 2025 − 363). All methods adhered strictly to the relevant institutional guidelines and regulations governing the care and use of laboratory animals. Procedures are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.