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Authors
Zhou, Jian
Gu, Tao
Zhou, Jingzhu
Zeng, Xiaoxiao
Liu, Ying
Chen, Fengming
Hu, Yong
Li, Shijun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Laboratory of Microbiol and Infectious Disease prevention &Control in Guizhou Province (Qiankehe Platform Talent-ZDSYS [2023] 004)
Project for Public Health Talent Cultivation of China (Guo Jikong Zong Ren Han [2024] 122)
The local science foundation of Guizhou Province guided by the Central Committee of China (Qiankehe [2025] 024)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Approval No. G2019-01) in accordance with international wildlife research standards. Bats (weighing under 200 g) captured via live traps in their natural habitat were first deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg of a 3% solution). While under deep anesthesia, humane euthanasia was then carried out by cervical dislocation by trained personnel. This protocol adhered to the animal welfare guidelines of both the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and China for laboratory animals, minimizing potential pain and distress.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
