Qiu, Xiaotong
Yuan, Linghui
Liu, Xueping
Li, Yanan
Ma, Xiao
Du, Bingqian
Yuan, Min
Li, Zhenjun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024A102)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2301105)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Approval No. ICDC-202114). The need for informed consent to participate was waived by the aforementioned committee for all participants in this study, as the research involved only the use of anonymized leftover clinical specimens obtained from prior diagnostic procedures. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.