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Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 27 February 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The National Reference Centre for meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (NRCMHi) is legally missioned to perform bacteriological surveillance of Haemophilus and meningococcal disease in the of French population including information systems collecting health data (L. 1413–1 code de la santé Publique). This investigation was implemented in compliance with the authorization delivered the French data protection authority ( Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés CNIL N°1475242/2011 165) to process personal health data. This bacteriological study was based on isolates cultured from patients. It was not qualified as research involving human being research defined by article L. 1121–1 and article R.1121–1 of the code de la santé publique and therefore did not require the approval of an ethic committee.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.