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Authors
Yu, Sijia
Hong, Peihang
Chou, Shyun
Liang, Tsui-Fang
Lin, Kuei-Shien
Lai, Cheng-Hung
Wang, Chao-Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 111-2313-B-415-008)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2313-B-415-010)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: Fecal samples from Formosan pangolins were obtained from the Wildlife Rescue and Research Center (Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture) and the Taipei Zoo (part of the Pangolin EAZA Ex-situ Programme). All samples were collected entirely non-invasively by professional veterinarians strictly as part of routine clinical health monitoring and standard diagnostic fecal examinations. Following the completion of these necessary veterinary procedures, and upon confirming the absence of zoonotic diseases, the residual fecal material was provided to our laboratory for microbiological analysis. Because no live animals were manipulated or subjected to experimental procedures for the purposes of this study, and only secondary, residual diagnostic waste was utilized, formal ethical approval from an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) or specific permits were not required in accordance with Taiwanese legislation and institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
