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Authors
Akter, Sharmin
Hoque, M. Nazmul
Musa, Taslima
Masum, Md. Habib Ullah
Shikder, Md. Foisal
Siddiki, Amam Zonaed
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: The experimental procedures for this study, which involved non-invasive environmental sampling of wild bird feces from feeding trays, were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee (EC) of the Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh (reference number: CVASU/Dir(R&E)EC/2022/836-1, Date: 22-01-2022). The study relied on passive collection of fecal material from birds that voluntarily accessed the feeder; therefore, no animal handling or intervention occurred.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
