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Authors
Titouche, Yacine
Dhaouadi, Sana
Akkou, Madjid
Bentayeb, Lamia
Latorre-Fernández, Javier
Fatihi, Abdelhak
Elandoulsi, Ramzi Boubaker
Bouchez, Pascal
Bouhier, Laurence
Nia, Yacine
Torres, Carmen
Hennekinne, Jacques-Antoine
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an internal ethics committee of the University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi Ouzou (UMMTO/09/01/2021/Eth-Ani-24). All samples (nasal samples) collected from animals were collected under the written informed consent of slaughterhouse owners, and every owner was provided with a document explaining the purpose and method of sample collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
