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Authors
Papiyana, Ayavuya T.
Musoke, Jolly
Dingiswayo, Likhona
Adelabu, Olusesan A.
Skosana, Zothile T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation (TTK240404212159)
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Article History
Received: 21 January 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
: The study was approved by the Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee and Environmental (UFS-HSD2024/2005/2503) and Biosafety Research Ethics Committee of the University of Free State (UFS-ESD2024/0359). The custodian of the samples: National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), gave consent, and all participant samples and associated information were anonymized to ensure confidentiality. Written informed consent for participation was not required from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin in accordance with the national legislation and institutional requirements. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Therefore, this study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: No consent for publication was required, as the study contains no personal data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
