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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All animal experiments in the study were approved by the Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Committee on Biomedical Ethics and Biosafety (approval No. NMGKJDX-2022-10). The specific animal model was selected based on its high relevance to the research objectives and its similarity to human physiological characteristics. This study strictly adhered to the ARRIVE Guidelines to ensure the rigor and ethical compliance of the animal experiment report. To minimize suffering, tribromoethanol (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for anesthesia, with depth confirmed by corneal reflex and toe-pinch response. Upon completion of the experiment, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation under deep anesthesia by trained personnel, and death was confirmed by cessation of cardiac and respiratory activity for at least 2 min. Throughout the entire process, animal comfort and welfare were prioritized, ensuring full compliance with ethical standards throughout the experiment.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.