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Authors
Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelmoaty
Alenazy, Rawaf
AbdelMoety, Ahmed
Kamel, Hend A.
Shafik, Shokri M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved only secondary analysis of a publicly available, fully anonymized image dataset of microbial colonies (AGAR dataset; Majchrowska et al., 2021; DOI: ). No experiments on human participants, human data/tissue, or live vertebrate animals were conducted by the authors. Accordingly, approval by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)/equivalent ethics committee was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
