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Authors
Massir, Issoufou Noma
Abdourahamane, Yacouba
Ounoussa, Tapha
Oumou, Hamidou
Abdoulaye, Ousmane
Ousmane, Aminatou
Harouna, Moussa
Souleymane, Brah
Doutchi, Mahamadou
Saidou, Mamadou
Laminou, Ibrahim Mamane
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Niger (Ref. No. 16/2025/CNERS) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the anonymized design of this study, which relied exclusively on routine laboratory data with no direct patient contact or identifiable clinical information, the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Niger granted a waiver of informed consent (Ref. No. 16/2025/CNERS). This waiver included a waiver for parental or guardian consent for all participants, as all were under 16 years of age.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
