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Article History

Received: 9 December 2025

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 1 May 2026

Declarations

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: This retrospective study was approved by the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Rectorate Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision number: 2024-992631; Annex 1). The study was conducted in full compliance with applicable national regulations, institutional ethical standards, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Due to the retrospective design, the use of archived clinical isolates, anonymized patient data, and the absence of any direct patient intervention, the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Rectorate Clinical Research Ethics Committee has waived the requirement for informed consent. This exemption was granted in accordance with Articles 7 and 10 of the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee Directive, and the general ethics review process was also evaluated within the scope of Article 13 and relevant national legislation (Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee Directive; Articles 7, 10, 13).The clinical isolates included in this study consisted of filamentous fungal isolates sent to the Medical Microbiology Mycology Laboratory of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2017 and 2018 and stored at -80°C until analysis.

: The authors declare no competing interests.