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Authors
Russell, Tristan
Formiconi, Elisa
Murphy, Alison
Hortion, Jimmy
McElroy, Máire
Casey, Mícheál
Cuartero, Laura Garza
Mee, John F
Jahns, Hanne
Kelly, Christine
Byrne, Joanne
Feeney, Eoin R
Mallon, Patrick WG
Gautier, Virginie W
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission (101132970, EU4H-2022-DGA-MS-IBA3)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical and regulatory oversight was secured through institutional review processes. The UCD Animal Research Ethics Committee granted exemptions for the use of samples collected as part of routine diagnostics or postmortem from DAFM (AREC-E-24-39-Gautier), Teagasc (AREC-E-25-25-Gautier) and UCD School of Veterinary Medicine (AREC-E-22-04-Jahns), and the Human Research Ethics Committee provided approval to work with human clinical samples provided by hospitals (306-LS-CSD-25-Mallon). The use of human samples complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants provided their written informed consent for the collection of samples and clinical data for further research and publication.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
