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Authors
Han, Yungang
Wang, Qi
Chen, Hao
Li, Zheng
Wang, Yali
Zhao, Yue
Xia, Shuang
He, Wenyi
Qiu, Xiangjie
Chen, Huihui
Li, Jing
Yuan, Yingying
Wang, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (LHGJ20190759)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013), and the Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the National Health Commission of China (2016). This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval No: 202007033). Owing to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymised clinical and laboratory data that posed no risk to participants, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All patient identifiers were removed from the dataset prior to analysis, and data were accessed only by the authorised research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
