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Authors
Akinola, Babatunde
Nwafia, Ifeyinwa
Onwuliri, Chinemerem
Ekechi, Henry
Abdullahi, Kabir
Adedoyin, John
Osuocha, Calista
Okache, Winifred
Bellonwu, Vivian
Udah, Donald
Malgwi, Sunday
Abdulkarim, Ahmed
Oyebade, Marian
Kwange, Dooshima
Gbolade, Adetomiwa
Dauda, Ibrahim
Gbogboade, Oluchukwu
Mmadu-Okoli, Chidindu
Ayandipo, Esther
Akpaka, Agatha
Salifu, Charles
Alex-Wele, Mary
Nwokoro, Ugochukwu
John, Obed
Iliyasu, Dahiru
Taiwo, Samuel
Okwor, Tochi
Yahaya, Ridwan
Ezechukwu, Dozie
Idris, Jide
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) through the Fleming Fund using UK aid
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 2 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH/ADM/90/S.11/VOL.XI/1822) before data collection. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and for participants younger than 16, consent to participate was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
