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Article History

Received: 5 March 2026

Accepted: 7 August 2026

First Online: 12 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study constitutes basic research. The only human-derived material used was urine. Its collection and use were covered by an ethics waiver approved by the Institutional Review Board of Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt (ethics waiver no. 2023-1584). The requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the Institutional Review Board. No human participants were directly involved in the study. All procedures involving human-derived material were conducted in accordance with applicable ethical guidelines and regulations and in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All data were collected and analyzed accordingly. The authors affirm that this manuscript is an honest and accurate representation of the study. The work is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants, identifiable personal data, or clinical images requiring consent for publication.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests related to this work.