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Authors
Wang, Weiwei
Tian, You
Guo, Wei
Dong, Yuntao
Mi, Jiandui
Ahmad, Anum Ali
Jing, Xiaoping
Long, Ruijun
Sun, Xuezhao
Deng, Qing
Hao, Lizhuang
Lv, Xiaoyang
Sun, Wei
Chen, Xiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32402704)
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Programs (Qian Ke He Jichu-[2024]Qingnian 107)
Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Programs (Qiankehe support [2022] key 033)
Open Project Program of International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
Guizhou High-level Innovative Talents Project (Qiankehe Platform Talents [2022] 021–1)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2026
Accepted: 20 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All experimental procedures and permission to use the animals in this study were granted by the research station (Permission No. EAE-GZU-2022-T025). No anesthesia or euthanasia was performed during this study. All procedures involving experimental animals, including rumen fluid collection, were conducted in accordance with protocols approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guizhou University (EAE-GZU-2022-T025) and complied with the national guidelines for animal welfare (GB/T 35892 − 20181). As the animals were managed and housed exclusively within our institutional facility, individual informed consent from animal owners was not required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
