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Authors
Zhang, Honglin
Zhang, Jinghua
Liu, Tingju
Jiang, Jinhui
Shi, Chaojun
Liu, Ze
Tiến, Lương Hùng
Tín, Hoàng Trung
Wang, Jindan
Yang, Neng
Zhou, Yinbiao
Fu, Ruilin
Jia, Jiahao
Dong, Yumei
Li, Jun
Liu, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yunnan Province Major Science and Technology Project (202102AE090018)
the National Key Research and Development (2021YFD1601003)
the Project of The Sino-Vietnamese International Joint Laboratory for Characteristic & Cash Crops Green Development of Yunnan Province (202403AP140013)
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study involved only the fermentation of tobacco stems (a plant by-product) and associated microbial analyses. No human participants or experimental animals were involved. According to the institutional and national guidelines, ethical approval and informed consent to participate were not required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
