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Article History

Received: 29 September 2025

Accepted: 9 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that all study complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation for plant ethics in the methods section. The samples were provided by the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and the University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran and all the landraces are available at USDA with USDA PI numbers (Table  ). The authors declare that all that permissions or licenses were obtained to collect the wheat plant.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.