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Authors
Guan, Mingwei
Guo, Anqiang
Li, Heping
Zhai, Lanju
Li, Jiming
Li, Aiguo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Construction of Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team of Hebei Province (C24R1404)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12-56)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Agricultural Science and Technological Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science (2022KJCXZX-HZS-5)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
the Hebei Agriculture Research System (HBCT2023030203)
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any clinical trials. The rapeseed ( Brassica rapa L.) materials used in this study were cultivated in the experimental fields of the Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, as well as at the Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Permission was granted for the cultivation and collection of these plant materials. All procedures involving plant cultivation and sampling complied with institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation, and were conducted solely for scientific research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
