Sun, George
Torjman, Marc C.
Min, Kevin J.
Article History
Received: 5 November 2023
Accepted: 18 November 2024
First Online: 28 November 2024
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study is exempt from informed consent because no protected health information is provided. We received a waiver from Thomas Jefferson University Institutional Review Board (IRB) to perform this study. The data reviewed is a secondary analysis of existing data, does not involve intervention or interaction with human subjects, and is de-identified per the de-identification standard defined in Section § 164.514(a) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The process by which the data is de-identified is attested to through a formal determination by a qualified expert as defined in Section § 164.514(b)(1) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. This formal determination by a qualified expert was refreshed in December 2020.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.