Document is current

Article History

Received: 21 February 2025

Accepted: 9 June 2025

First Online: 17 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval for this retrospective review of electronic medical records was obtained by the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (IRB, # 19-27979), and the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the IRB. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: AMB is a founder of Bezel Health, a company building software to measure and improve healthcare quality interventions. AJB was a co-founder and consultant to Personalis and NuMedii; consultant to Samsung, Mango Tree Corporation, and in the recent past, 10x Genomics, Helix, Pathway Genomics, and Verinata (Illumina); had served on paid advisory panels or boards for Geisinger Health, Regenstrief Institute, Gerson Lehman Group, AlphaSights, Covance, Novartis, Genentech, and Merck, and Roche; was a shareholder in Personalis and NuMedii; was a minor shareholder in Apple, Facebook, Alphabet (Google), Microsoft, Amazon, Snap, 10x Genomics, Illumina, CVS, Nuna Health, Assay Depot, Vet24seven, Regeneron, Sanofi, Royalty Pharma, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Biogen, and Sutro, and several other non-health related companies and mutual funds; and had received honoraria and travel reimbursement for invited talks from Johnson and Johnson, Roche, Genentech, Pfizer, Merck, Lilly, Takeda, Varian, Mars, Siemens, Optum, Abbott, Celgene, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Westat, and many academic institutions, medical or disease specific foundations and associations, and health systems. Atul Butte received royalty payments through Stanford University, for several patents and other disclosures licensed to NuMedii and Personalis. Atul Butte’s research had been funded by NIH, Northrup Grumman (as the prime on an NIH contract), Genentech, Johnson and Johnson, FDA, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Leon Lowenstein Foundation, Intervalien Foundation, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg, the Barbara and Gerson Bakar Foundation, and in the recent past, the March of Dimes, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, L’Oreal, and Progenity. 3.The above organizations had no direct involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. 4.The remainder of authors declare no conflicts of interest. As these competing interests have no relationship with the study, we have stated “None” in the manuscript as instructed by the editing team.