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Article History

Received: 18 March 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 31 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth’s Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. Informed consent was obtained from all research subjects. Our study adhered to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, with the exception of trial registration before recruitment of the first subject, which was accomplished retrospectively before trial conclusion. Ignorance of the primary investigator, research personnel turnover during the COVID-19 pandemic, and administrative oversight were the root causes of this error. The only significant protocol change made after IRB approval and study initiation was formalizing the anesthesia provider’s discretion to forgo randomization and select an extubation method based on clinically compelling intraoperative events.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.