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Article History

Received: 24 February 2025

Accepted: 4 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The Institutional Review Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital) approved the experimental protocol and performed the ethics review on August 22, 2024. The ethics approval number is YXLL-KY-2024(083). The results of this study will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and at relevant academic conferences or on related research platforms.In this study, participants will be recruited by distributing recruitment materials to potential participants and their family members. The experimental protocol and possible risks will be fully explained to the participants. The study participants and their family members will sign an informed consent form before anaesthesia induction. The participants will take part in this study voluntarily. The participants will not be charged any fees for the oropharyngeal vent, bite block or other consumables used in this study. During the trial, we will strictly implement operating procedures to protect the privacy of the patients and will not disclose the patients’ information, images or personal identities.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.