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Authors
Zhao, Jian
Lin, Si Tong
Qin, Ai Hua
Zhou, Cheng Rui
Huang, Xiang Dong
Chen, Hua Guo
Zhou, Shu Qin
Peng, Hu
Chen, Yuan Zhuo
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA). Informed consent was obtained for the original data collection. The requirement for individual patient consent was waived as the project did not impact clinical care and all protected health information was de-identified.Not applicable. This study utilized the publicly available de-identified MIMIC-IV database which received ethical approval including waiver of informed consent by the Institutional Review Boards of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
: Not applicable. This study utilized the publicly available de-identified MIMIC-IV database.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
