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Authors
Wan, Qing
Yi, Qianglin
Huang, Ruwen
Wang, Nian
Zeng, Qingfan
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (Approval No. FZ2023-06-210), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians prior to anesthesia. The study was carried out in accordance with the applicable guidelines and regulations.This study was registered with China Clinical Trial Registry ( ) prior to patient enrollment (ChiCTR2500097315; Registration Date: [17 February 2025]). This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 guidelines.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
