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Authors
Liu, Li
Zhao, Xinyu
Jiang, Jian
Gao, Jinhong
Niu, Bingyin
Zhang, Lei
Wang, Guan
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study is a systematic review, and the data obtained are all from publicly published literature. The author’s institution believes that it does not require additional ethical review.
: Not applicable.All authors agree to publish this article in BMC Anesthesiology.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
