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Authors
Abbas, Alzahraa A.
Ghoneim, Sameh
Sharf, Mohamed
Farag, Ahmed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al-Azhar University
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More Information
Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 28 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Anaesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt (Approval No. 731; approved on 21 December 2022). The study complies with all national and institutional regulations for doctoral clinical studies. Patient recruitment commenced only after obtaining all required ethical and institutional approvals and was conducted entirely in accordance with the approved protocol. The study adhered to the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
