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Article History

Received: 20 August 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants in this study volunteered and signed a written consent form to acknowledge their informed consent before enrollment in this study. This study was determined to be exempt by the Dartmouth College Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (STUDY00033177). This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Body donors in this study provided by the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Anatomical Gifts Program. All body donors provided informed written consent that their donation was to be utilized for medical education and medical research purposes at the Geisel School of Medicine.All participants provided written consent prior to enrollment in this study by signing a written consent form.

: This paper does not report data from any one individual person. All study participants signed a written photo release to give permission for photos taken during the study to be utilized in subsequent scientific publications and presentation resulting from this project (like those seen in Fig. 1).

: The authors declare no competing interests.