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Authors
Chen, Po-Chih
Masud, Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan
Chung, Chen-Chih
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 111-2314-B-038-132-MY3)
Taipei Medical University–Shuang Ho Hospital (113FRP-14 and 114FRP-30)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study adheres to the terms outlined in the NIS data-use agreement. All data were accessed through a request made to the Online HCUP Central Distributor. Because the analysis was limited to pre-collected, de-identified administrative data, the requirement for informed consent was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved as exempt by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB Approval No. N202510087).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: not applicable.
