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Authors
Qi, Yunjia
Wang, Xiaoxiao
Cui, Yichen
Liu, Kaixi
Chen, Lu Hua
Guo, Xiangyang
Li, Zhengqian
Liu, Sichen
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study used data from a publicly available research dataset, VitalDB. A waiver of study approval was granted by the IRB of Peking University Third Hospital because of the retrospective nature and the use of de-identified data. The original study (VitalDB) was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital (H-1408-101-605).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
