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Authors
Renew, J. Ross
Aniskevich, Stephen
McClain, Robert L.
Riutort, Kevin T.
Scott, Courtney L.
Maramba, Mariel
Heckman, Michael G.
Roeber, Tina S.
Brull, Sorin J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Merck (MISP 61328)
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: Institutional review board (IRB) approval (Mayo Clinic: IRB # 21-011838) and written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants in the study. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Organs were not procured from prisoners.
: Not applicable. This prospective study contains no identifying patient information, and all data were analyzed and reported in an anonymized manner.
: JRR has completed industry sponsored research (Merck Inc) with funds to employer. SJB has intellectual property assigned to Mayo Clinic; was a consultant for Merck & Co., Inc.; is a principal, shareholder and Chief Medical Officer in Senzime AB (Sweden); is an unpaid member of Scientific Advisory Boards for NMD Pharma (Denmark) and Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Japan); and is a member of the Editorial Boards for Anesthesiology; Journal of Clinical Anesthesia; and Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine.
