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Article History

Received: 2 June 2026

Accepted: 29 June 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (approval number: KSVGH22-CT2-20). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent for publication: Is not applicable for this study.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.