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Authors
Fan, Quanlong
Ge, Liang
Kong, Lingguo
Wu, Zhenzhen
Zhang, Peng
Hou, Huaijing
Liu, Jing
Tao, Xueyan
Han, Xudong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gansu Province Health Industry Research Project (GSWSKY2022-34)
Lanzhou Science and Technology Development Guiding Plan Project (2020-ZD-5)
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research was conducted at Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital after project approval in July 2021 and approval from the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital Ethics Committee before enrollment in September 2022 (approval number: 2022 GSFY Ethics Review No. 31). The trial was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry after completion of enrollment (ChiCTR2400080065; January 19, 2024). The delayed registration is reported as a methodological limitation because it limits external verification of the prespecified outcome hierarchy and statistical analysis plan. The research adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
