Tang, Yaqi
Xiao, Buyun
Liu, Hongyue
Nie, Qiong
Zhou, Xufeng
Li, Murong
Hou, Tieying
Feng, Guangju
Jiang, Changyu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong S&T Program (2023B0303010002)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171221; 82471240)
Cancer Pain Whole-Course Management Research Project of the Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center of the National Health Commission (PMT1001-3)
Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen Nanshan District Health System (NSZD2023017 and NSZD2025007)
Article History
Received: 22 July 2026
Accepted: 8 September 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital (Affiliated Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University; Approval No. ky-2025-112402) on November 24, 2025. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee because of the retrospective design and the use of de-identified clinical data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.