Hong, Xin
Zhao, He
Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University (Approval No. EC-2021-238-2). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.