Zhang, Yi-Han
Wen, Hong
Jiang, Jia
Chen, Shuo
Zhang, Zhi
Wei, Chang-Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-600X
Wu, An-Shi
Wang, Ze-Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-2404
Yan, Xiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-2064
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanxi Provincial Health and Health Commission (No. 2023052)
Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (CSA) Young Anesthesiologist Research Fund (2026-N-03)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2026
Accepted: 17 September 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Institutional Ethics Committee of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University; approval No. 2025-ke-404; approving ethics chair/person: Ya-Li Lv; date of approval: 14 Apr 2025. All included subjects in this study signed written informed consent before study inclusion.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.