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Authors
Abatli, Safaa
Elyyan, Mohammed
Abuhalima, Dania
Abushamma, Faris
Zyoud, Sa’ed H.
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2026
Accepted: 24 September 2026
First Online: 5 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of An-Najah National University (approval reference: Ref: Mas.Feb.2024/28), and administrative permissions were obtained from the participating institutions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable institutional guidelines. Participant data were coded and handled confidentially.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
