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Article History

Received: 14 August 2023

Accepted: 29 November 2023

First Online: 7 December 2023

Declarations

:

: The project was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The waiver of informed consent was approved by the Institutional Review Board of BIDMC due to the de-identification of all protected health information. One author, Zhao kun Fan, completed the online course on Data or Specimens Only Research and gained access to the database for data extraction after passing the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) exam (Record ID: 55,303,422). We followed all relevant guidelines and regulations during the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.