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Authors
Li, Mingyue
Han, Jiali
Muegge, Carolyn
Zollinger, Terrell
Zhou, Laura Y.
Monahan, Patrick
Wessel, Jennifer
Kleinschmidt, Vanessa
Moffatt, Steven
Nan, Hongmei
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2024
Accepted: 9 April 2025
First Online: 23 April 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Indiana University Office of Research Compliance (Approval Number: 20510) and Ascension Health Institutional Review Board (Approval Number: RIN20240002). Written informed consent was obtained from individual participants included in the study. The data collection and analysis adhered to the confidentiality and privacy standards.
: This study used secondary data analysis, so patient and public were not directly involved in this study. Therefore, no participants were specifically recruited for this study. Our study was approved by Indiana University Office of Research Compliance, as evidenced by the allocated protocol number 20510, and Ascension Health Institutional Review Board, as evidenced by RIN20240002.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
