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Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The NHANES data collection for 2017–2018 was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board (Protocol #2018-01). This study utilized publicly available, de-identified data, which exempt it from additional institutional review board approval. As per national guidelines, written informed consent was obtained from all participants during the original NHANES data collection process.

: Not applicable.

: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.