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Authors
Mo, De-Gang
Liu, Tao
Bai, Jing-Xian
Liu, Min
Han, Qian-Feng
Yao, Heng-Chen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2016HM49)
Horizontal research project of Shandong University (No.3450012001901 and No.23460012711702)
Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province (No.2019-0891)
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was conducted in line with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Prior to their involvement in the CHARLS study, all participants gave their written informed consent. The research adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies in epidemiology.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
