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Article History

Received: 23 January 2025

Accepted: 16 June 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study used secondary data following approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Statistics and Planning at Makerere University. Permission to access clinical data was granted by the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI) for the medical records department at Level 2. The experimental protocols for data collection, participant involvement, and ethical considerations were reviewed and approved by the relevant institutional and/or licensing committee during the original data collection process. Moreover, informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardian(s) as part of the initial data collection process. As this study utilized secondary data, the need for additional informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the School of Statistics and Planning at Makerere University, in accordance with national regulations. The study adheres to the ethical and consent procedures implemented by the Uganda Heart Institute. All procedures contributing to this research complied with the ethical standards set by relevant national and institutional committees for human research, as well as the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, amended in 2008). Strict confidentiality measures were followed to protect patient information.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.