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Authors
Zhang, Canxiu
Shang, Yujun
Zhang, Lu
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
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: The requirement of ethical approval for this was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, because the data was accessed from MIMIC-IV (a publicly available database). The need for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Qingdao Municipal Hospital due to retrospective nature of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
